Find a Top Pain Management Doctor Near Me in Marietta, GA – Book an Appointment Instantly

Board-certified anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist Scott Masson, DO, adeptly treats all areas of pain at Alliance Spine & Pain in Canton, Woodstock, and Cumming, Georgia. He uses compassionate, targeted pain relief to help patients restore their quality of life and engage in the activities they love most without discomfort. 

Dr. Masson earned his medical degree from Midwestern University in Glendale, Arizona. He then completed his residency at Oakland University William Beaumont Hospital in Rochester, Michigan. Following this, he became chief interventional pain management fellow at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.

Throughout his career, Dr. Masson has accumulated rich experience in his field. He has received specialty training in minimally invasive spine procedures and spinal cord stimulation, contributed as a lead author on a publication in the Interventional Pain Management journal, and received training under world-renowned physician Salim Hayek, MD.

In his current role, Dr. Masson routinely assists patients using advanced procedures like spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, intrathecal pumps, and the Intracept® Procedure. 

Dr. Masson looks forward to welcoming new and returning patients to Alliance Spine & Pain. 

Vincent Galan, MD, MBA, DABPM, is an esteemed and board-certified anesthesiologist, as well as CEO and medical director of Pain Care, LLC, located in Stockbridge, Lawrenceville, Newnan & Johns Creek, GA. With more than 30 years of experience, Dr. Galan holds an impressive five board certifications.

He is board-certified and a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesia, the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM), the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (ABIPP), the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), and holds the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) Subspecialty Certification in Pain Management. 

Dr. Galan is also president of the Georgia Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. In addition, he held the distinguished position of director of the Pain Center at Southern Regional Medical Center in Riverdale, Georgia, from 1990 until 2008, when he left to start Pain Care, LLC.

After graduating from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1984, Dr. Galan began practicing in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. On the cutting-edge of the pain management industry, he is constantly researching new treatments and devices to care for his patients who are suffering from chronic pain.

Chronic back pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), neuropathy, and joint pain are just a few types of pain Dr. Galan treats with evidence-based devices, such as the Nevro® spinal cord stimulation system, the Stimwave neurostimulator, Medtronic pain relief devices, the minimally invasive Vertiflex® procedure, and the Boston Scientific spinal cord stimulator.

In addition to his practice, Dr. Galan has contributed to the examination and test writing processes for three national pain organizations. 

He completed his pain fellowship at Downstate Medical Center – SUNY in Brooklyn, New York, and trained under renowned anesthesiologist Dr. P. P. Raj, professor of anesthesia at the University of Texas, at Hermann Hospital, University of Texas, in Houston, Texas.

Dr. Galan has also served on the members’ committee of the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors and has presented at annual meetings for the Congress of the European Association for Palliative Care, the American Pain Society, the American Society of Pain Physicians Annual Meeting, the North American Neuromodulation Society, and more.

Visit Dr. Galan's Website

David Gale, MD, is an interventional pain management specialist at Alliance Spine & Pain in Cartersville and Marietta, Georgia. 

A thought leader in Georgia, Dr. Gale has been instrumental in crafting Georgia state legislation regarding pain management. He currently serves as the Executive Director of the Georgia Society of Interventional Pain Physicians and was previously the organization’s president.  

Dr. Gale has a passion for pain management, practicing in the Atlanta area since 1997. He has been an Atlanta Magazine Top Doctor honoree for many years.

Dr. Gale earned his medical degree at Ohio State University before completing his residency as an active member of the United States Air Force at Wilford Hall Medical Center. For his fellowship, he studied at the University of Texas, San Antonio. 

Double board-certified, Dr. Gale holds an additional subspecialty certificate from the American Board of Anesthesiology and maintains membership in several professional associations. 

Preetesh Patel, MD, is an innovative pain medicine specialist at Alliance Spine & Pain in Johns Creek and Sandy Springs, Georgia, and is board-certified in anesthesiology and interventional pain medicine. He is an expert in a variety of minimally invasive treatments. 

Dr. Patel received his medical degree from the Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Atlanta for his residency at Emory University. Interested in diversifying his experience and repertoire of techniques, Dr. Patel completed a fellowship at the prestigious University of California, San Diego.

With over 15 years of experience in pain management, Dr. Patel is an expert in his field and specializes in various treatments. Those treatments include epidural steroid injections, selective nerve root injections, radiofrequency ablation, spinal cord stimulation, ganglion blocks, and kyphoplasty. Additionally, Dr. Patel actively advocates for solutions to opioid addiction and speaks at many conferences and events to promote awareness. 

Dr. Patel enjoys cycling, photography, traveling, racing cars, and listening to music when not caring for his patients. 

Kewei Yu, MD, PhD, is a highly respected, board-certified neurologist and interventional pain specialist at Atlantic Advanced Spine and Neurology Institute in Bethlehem, Lilburn, and Braselton, Georgia. Dr. Yu has over 25 years of experience diagnosing and treating complex pain conditions and neurological disorders. As the founder of one of Johns Creek's leading interventional pain and neurology clinics, Dr. Yu is committed to helping patients achieve relief through personalized, evidence-based care. 

Dr. Yu's medical journey began in Shanghai, China, where he earned his medical degree from the Second Medical University and completed a PhD in medical science in 1999. After moving to the U.S. in 2002, he pursued neuropathic pain research at Yale School of Medicine, followed by internship training at Prince George's Hospital Center and dual residency programs in Anesthesiology and Neurology at UF Health Shands Hospital. He completed his fellowship in pain management at Alabama Orthopedic Spine & Sports Medicine Associates, training under some of the field's top experts.

Dr. Yu is triple board-certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), the American Board of Pain Management (ABPM), and the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (ABIPP). He uses a multidisciplinary approach that may include medication management, nerve blocks, spinal cord stimulation, acupuncture, and advanced diagnostics like EMG/NCS, EEG, and autonomic studies to treat conditions such as chronic pain, headaches, neuropathy, and more.

Fluent in both English and Mandarin, Dr. Yu is known for his clear communication, compassionate bedside manner, and dedication to patient education. His goal is to empower patients with the knowledge and tools they need to take control of their health.

Outside of his practice, Dr. Yu enjoys traveling with his family, reading, and performing Shaoxing opera.

Kewei Yu, MD, PhD, is a highly respected, board-certified neurologist and interventional pain specialist at Atlantic Advanced Spine and Neurology Institute in Bethlehem, Lilburn, and Braselton, Georgia. Dr. Yu has over 25 years of experience diagnosing and treating complex pain conditions and neurological disorders. As the founder of one of Johns Creek's leading interventional pain and neurology clinics, Dr. Yu is committed to helping patients achieve relief through personalized, evidence-based care. 

Dr. Yu's medical journey began in Shanghai, China, where he earned his medical degree from the Second Medical University and completed a PhD in medical science in 1999. After moving to the U.S. in 2002, he pursued neuropathic pain research at Yale School of Medicine, followed by internship training at Prince George's Hospital Center and dual residency programs in Anesthesiology and Neurology at UF Health Shands Hospital. He completed his fellowship in pain management at Alabama Orthopedic Spine & Sports Medicine Associates, training under some of the field's top experts.

Dr. Yu is triple board-certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), the American Board of Pain Management (ABPM), and the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (ABIPP). He uses a multidisciplinary approach that may include medication management, nerve blocks, spinal cord stimulation, acupuncture, and advanced diagnostics like EMG/NCS, EEG, and autonomic studies to treat conditions such as chronic pain, headaches, neuropathy, and more.

Fluent in both English and Mandarin, Dr. Yu is known for his clear communication, compassionate bedside manner, and dedication to patient education. His goal is to empower patients with the knowledge and tools they need to take control of their health.

Outside of his practice, Dr. Yu enjoys traveling with his family, reading, and performing Shaoxing opera.

Preetesh Patel, MD, is an innovative pain medicine specialist at Alliance Spine & Pain in Johns Creek and Sandy Springs, Georgia, and is board-certified in anesthesiology and interventional pain medicine. He is an expert in a variety of minimally invasive treatments. 

Dr. Patel received his medical degree from the Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Atlanta for his residency at Emory University. Interested in diversifying his experience and repertoire of techniques, Dr. Patel completed a fellowship at the prestigious University of California, San Diego.

With over 15 years of experience in pain management, Dr. Patel is an expert in his field and specializes in various treatments. Those treatments include epidural steroid injections, selective nerve root injections, radiofrequency ablation, spinal cord stimulation, ganglion blocks, and kyphoplasty. Additionally, Dr. Patel actively advocates for solutions to opioid addiction and speaks at many conferences and events to promote awareness. 

Dr. Patel enjoys cycling, photography, traveling, racing cars, and listening to music when not caring for his patients. 

Andrew Kilday, MD, is a skilled anesthesiologist and pain management specialist at Alliance Spine & Pain in Lawrenceville, Sandy Springs, and Covington, Georgia. He looks forward to serving patients in and around the community, providing them with excellent care. 

Dr. Kilday graduated from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, with a degree in business management. Understanding his passion for people, he began his graduate studies at the University of Georgia, eventually earning his master’s in Public Health Policy and Management. 

Taking his interest in healthcare globally, Dr. Kilday received his medical training at the University of Queensland’s Ochsner Medical School in Brisbane, Australia, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Relocating to Atlanta, Georgia, Dr. Kilday completed both a residency in anesthesiology and a fellowship in interventional pain management at Emory University’s School of Medicine. 

Dr. Kilday is board-certified in anesthesiology and board-eligible for interventional pain management. He looks forward to welcoming and treating patients at Alliance Spine & Pain.

Board-certified anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist Scott Masson, DO, adeptly treats all areas of pain at Alliance Spine & Pain in Canton, Woodstock, and Cumming, Georgia. He uses compassionate, targeted pain relief to help patients restore their quality of life and engage in the activities they love most without discomfort. 

Dr. Masson earned his medical degree from Midwestern University in Glendale, Arizona. He then completed his residency at Oakland University William Beaumont Hospital in Rochester, Michigan. Following this, he became chief interventional pain management fellow at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.

Throughout his career, Dr. Masson has accumulated rich experience in his field. He has received specialty training in minimally invasive spine procedures and spinal cord stimulation, contributed as a lead author on a publication in the Interventional Pain Management journal, and received training under world-renowned physician Salim Hayek, MD.

In his current role, Dr. Masson routinely assists patients using advanced procedures like spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, intrathecal pumps, and the Intracept® Procedure. 

Dr. Masson looks forward to welcoming new and returning patients to Alliance Spine & Pain. 

Preetesh Patel, MD, is an innovative pain medicine specialist at Alliance Spine & Pain in Johns Creek and Sandy Springs, Georgia, and is board-certified in anesthesiology and interventional pain medicine. He is an expert in a variety of minimally invasive treatments. 

Dr. Patel received his medical degree from the Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Georgia, and moved to Atlanta for his residency at Emory University. Interested in diversifying his experience and repertoire of techniques, Dr. Patel completed a fellowship at the prestigious University of California, San Diego.

With over 15 years of experience in pain management, Dr. Patel is an expert in his field and specializes in various treatments. Those treatments include epidural steroid injections, selective nerve root injections, radiofrequency ablation, spinal cord stimulation, ganglion blocks, and kyphoplasty. Additionally, Dr. Patel actively advocates for solutions to opioid addiction and speaks at many conferences and events to promote awareness. 

Dr. Patel enjoys cycling, photography, traveling, racing cars, and listening to music when not caring for his patients. 

Fellowship-trained pain management specialist Miranda Reed Cleaver, DO, provides exceptional services to patients at the Cleaver Medical Group Interventional Pain offices in Dahlonega, Dawsonville, and Cumming, Georgia. Dr. Cleaver dedicates herself to relieving patients’ chronic pain and improving their quality of life.

Dr. Cleaver grew up in Chatsworth, Georgia, and attended the University of Georgia in Athens. She graduated in 2006 with a bachelor’s degree in biology. After college, Dr. Cleaver went to medical school at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine’s Georgia Campus in Suwanee, Georgia. After completing her medical degree, Dr. Cleaver did her residency in anesthesiology at McLaren Oakland Hospital in Pontiac, Michigan.

Dr. Cleaver completed a fellowship in pain management at McLaren Oakland Hospital. During her training, she perfected her skills in interventional pain management procedures. She established a pain management practice serving two hospitals in Northern Missouri. But her goal was always to return to her home state. She achieved that with the creation of the Cleaver Medical Group in Georgia.

Dr. Cleaver’s professional interests include lumbar (lower back) and cervical (neck) pain, particularly conditions caused by damaged spinal discs. She specializes in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), thoracic (upper back) pain, knee and shoulder pain, osteoarthritis, and spinal cord stimulation. Although she can’t promise a pain-free life, Dr. Cleaver can undoubtedly reduce the overall pain burden and improve her patients’ quality of life. Her goal is to get every patient back to their previous daily function and activities.

Always a Bulldog at heart, Dr. Cleaver’s hobbies include spending time with her family and cheering on the University of Georgia Bulldogs.

Vincent Galan, MD, MBA, DABPM, is an esteemed and board-certified anesthesiologist, as well as CEO and medical director of Pain Care, LLC, located in Stockbridge, Lawrenceville, Newnan & Johns Creek, GA. With more than 30 years of experience, Dr. Galan holds an impressive five board certifications.

He is board-certified and a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesia, the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM), the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (ABIPP), the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), and holds the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) Subspecialty Certification in Pain Management. 

Dr. Galan is also president of the Georgia Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. In addition, he held the distinguished position of director of the Pain Center at Southern Regional Medical Center in Riverdale, Georgia, from 1990 until 2008, when he left to start Pain Care, LLC.

After graduating from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1984, Dr. Galan began practicing in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. On the cutting-edge of the pain management industry, he is constantly researching new treatments and devices to care for his patients who are suffering from chronic pain.

Chronic back pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), neuropathy, and joint pain are just a few types of pain Dr. Galan treats with evidence-based devices, such as the Nevro® spinal cord stimulation system, the Stimwave neurostimulator, Medtronic pain relief devices, the minimally invasive Vertiflex® procedure, and the Boston Scientific spinal cord stimulator.

In addition to his practice, Dr. Galan has contributed to the examination and test writing processes for three national pain organizations. 

He completed his pain fellowship at Downstate Medical Center – SUNY in Brooklyn, New York, and trained under renowned anesthesiologist Dr. P. P. Raj, professor of anesthesia at the University of Texas, at Hermann Hospital, University of Texas, in Houston, Texas.

Dr. Galan has also served on the members’ committee of the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors and has presented at annual meetings for the Congress of the European Association for Palliative Care, the American Pain Society, the American Society of Pain Physicians Annual Meeting, the North American Neuromodulation Society, and more.

Visit Dr. Galan's Website

Rod Duralde, MD, is a double board-certified anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist and the managing partner of Pain Consultants of Atlanta, where he provides comprehensive care for patients in the office and surgery centers in the Buckhead neighborhood of Atlanta, Fayetteville, and Stockbridge, Georgia. 

Born and raised in Atlanta, Dr. Duralde attended Woodward Academy before pursuing his undergraduate studies at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, where he graduated Cum Laude. He then earned his medical doctorate from the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis, Tennessee.

After completing his medical education, Dr. Duralde embarked on an impressive medical career, with a 12-year service in the United States Air Force. During his military tenure, he developed a strong foundation in health care while serving the country. Dr. Duralde then transitioned to private practice and has been recognized as a Top Doctor in The Atlanta Magazine for multiple years.

Dr. Duralde’s board certifications from the American Board of Anesthesiology and the American Board of Anesthesiology-Pain Medicine further demonstrate his commitment to providing excellent care. He maintains active membership in prestigious professional organizations such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Spine Intervention Society, which allows him to stay at the forefront of advancements in his field.

From minimally invasive procedures like epidural steroid injections to kyphoplasty, Dr. Duralde strives to provide his patients with exceptional care using modern techniques. He is now accepting new patients, ready to provide compassionate and effective treatment for those seeking pain relief and improved quality of life.

Mayson Callaway, MD, joined the Pain Consultants of Atlanta team in 2021, bringing his expertise in interventional pain medicine to the center’s locations in Stockbridge and the Buckhead neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Double board-certified in anesthesiology and pain medicine, Dr. Callaway specializes in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty as well as spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and dorsal root ganglion stimulation. 

Born and raised in Decatur, Georgia, Dr. Callaway is a proud graduate of Woodward Academy. He pursued his undergraduate education at the University of Georgia in Athens, earning dual bachelor's degrees in German and genetics with honors. Following his undergraduate studies, he attended the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta to obtain his medical degree.

Dr. Callaway's medical journey continued with an internship in general surgery at the University of Colorado in Denver. He then completed his anesthesia residency at Emory University in Atlanta, where he served as chief resident. Building upon his knowledge and skills, he also pursued an interventional pain fellowship there.

With a commitment to providing exceptional care, Dr. Callaway is currently accepting new patients. He is dedicated to staying at the forefront of his field and maintaining the highest standards of practice. Dr. Callaway's double board certifications reflect his expertise and qualifications, ensuring that his patients receive the highest level of care.

Rod Duralde, MD, is a double board-certified anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist and the managing partner of Pain Consultants of Atlanta, where he provides comprehensive care for patients in the office and surgery centers in the Buckhead neighborhood of Atlanta, Fayetteville, and Stockbridge, Georgia. 

Born and raised in Atlanta, Dr. Duralde attended Woodward Academy before pursuing his undergraduate studies at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, where he graduated Cum Laude. He then earned his medical doctorate from the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis, Tennessee.

After completing his medical education, Dr. Duralde embarked on an impressive medical career, with a 12-year service in the United States Air Force. During his military tenure, he developed a strong foundation in health care while serving the country. Dr. Duralde then transitioned to private practice and has been recognized as a Top Doctor in The Atlanta Magazine for multiple years.

Dr. Duralde’s board certifications from the American Board of Anesthesiology and the American Board of Anesthesiology-Pain Medicine further demonstrate his commitment to providing excellent care. He maintains active membership in prestigious professional organizations such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Spine Intervention Society, which allows him to stay at the forefront of advancements in his field.

From minimally invasive procedures like epidural steroid injections to kyphoplasty, Dr. Duralde strives to provide his patients with exceptional care using modern techniques. He is now accepting new patients, ready to provide compassionate and effective treatment for those seeking pain relief and improved quality of life.

Jignesh Gandhi, MD, is a double board-certified anesthesiologist and pain management specialist at Pain Consultants of Atlanta, where he works with patients at multiple locations, including in Atlanta, Newnan, and two centers in Fayetteville. 

With a comprehensive approach to pain treatment, Dr. Gandhi has extensive experience managing various spinal conditions, including chronic neck and back pain. While he enjoys treating all types of pain, he possesses a special interest in cancer pain. Dr. Gandhi leverages the latest technology for his patients, performing minimally invasive procedures such as facet joint injections and peripheral nerve blocks.

Originally from Alabama, Dr. Gandhi pursued his undergraduate studies at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and earned his medical degree from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). 

Following graduation, he completed his internship at Carraway Methodist Medical Center in Birmingham and his anesthesia residency at the University of Tennessee in Memphis, Tennessee. To further refine his expertise in pain medicine, Dr. Gandhi pursued a specialized pain management fellowship at the renowned Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Before joining Pain Consultants of Atlanta, Dr. Gandhi served as the developer and director of the pain clinic at Henry Medical Center in Stockbridge, Georgia. 

With an exceptional educational background and a commitment to providing effective pain management, Dr. Gandhi is now accepting new patients. He is actively involved in professional organizations such as the Spine Intervention Society and the Georgia Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. Dr. Gandhi remains dedicated to staying at the forefront of advancements in his field, ensuring the best possible care for his patients.

Vincent Galan, MD, MBA, DABPM, is an esteemed and board-certified anesthesiologist, as well as CEO and medical director of Pain Care, LLC, located in Stockbridge, Lawrenceville, Newnan & Johns Creek, GA. With more than 30 years of experience, Dr. Galan holds an impressive five board certifications.

He is board-certified and a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesia, the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM), the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (ABIPP), the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), and holds the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) Subspecialty Certification in Pain Management. 

Dr. Galan is also president of the Georgia Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. In addition, he held the distinguished position of director of the Pain Center at Southern Regional Medical Center in Riverdale, Georgia, from 1990 until 2008, when he left to start Pain Care, LLC.

After graduating from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1984, Dr. Galan began practicing in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. On the cutting-edge of the pain management industry, he is constantly researching new treatments and devices to care for his patients who are suffering from chronic pain.

Chronic back pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), neuropathy, and joint pain are just a few types of pain Dr. Galan treats with evidence-based devices, such as the Nevro® spinal cord stimulation system, the Stimwave neurostimulator, Medtronic pain relief devices, the minimally invasive Vertiflex® procedure, and the Boston Scientific spinal cord stimulator.

In addition to his practice, Dr. Galan has contributed to the examination and test writing processes for three national pain organizations. 

He completed his pain fellowship at Downstate Medical Center – SUNY in Brooklyn, New York, and trained under renowned anesthesiologist Dr. P. P. Raj, professor of anesthesia at the University of Texas, at Hermann Hospital, University of Texas, in Houston, Texas.

Dr. Galan has also served on the members’ committee of the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors and has presented at annual meetings for the Congress of the European Association for Palliative Care, the American Pain Society, the American Society of Pain Physicians Annual Meeting, the North American Neuromodulation Society, and more.

Visit Dr. Galan's Website

Dr. Chris Andriano is a dedicated Interventional Pain Management specialist and Physiatrist at Pain Care, LLC. He employs a comprehensive multimodal approach to pain management, aimed at restoring function and enhancing the well-being of his patients. Located in Stockbridge & Griffin GA. 

Dr. Andriano earned his medical degree at Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine in Florida. He completed his Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residency at Detroit Medical Center in Michigan, where he served as Chief Resident. He also completed a Neurophysiology Fellowship through the Neurology Department at Detroit Medical Center, gaining expertise in Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and an ACGME accredited Interventional Pain Fellowship at Henry Ford Health in Detroit. Dr. Andriano has presented medical research at regional and national levels, contributing to multiple publications. He remains active in national pain societies, currently serving as Vice Chair of the Social Media Committee in The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN).

Dr. Andriano treats various musculoskeletal and neurological pain conditions, recognizing the complexity of pain and tailoring treatments to align with patient goals and abilities. For cases unresponsive to conservative measures, he employs ultrasound and fluoroscopic guided techniques, including injections, radiofrequency ablations, and minimally invasive surgical procedures like spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, minimally invasive lumbar decompression (mild), intradiscal injections, basivertebral ablation (Intracept), and more.